Wednesday, December 21, 2005

Jacob Israël DeHaan

One of the more baffling figures involved in Zionism was the Dutch poet Jacob Israël DeHaan, who was assassinated under circumstances which are not entirely clear. It is evident in his writings that, despite having settled in the land after WWI, he was ambivalent at best over Zionism, and zionist politics. He was probably also ambivalent religiously and sexually.

I present a very brief outline of his life and work below.

Jacob Israël DeHaan
Dutch author and poet.
Born in Kloosterveen in 1881.
Died in Jerusalem in 1924.

Joined the SDAP (Social Democratic Labourers Party) in 1903, after forsaking his religion.
First book published in 1904. Married 1907. Fired from his teaching position in 1908.
Returned to Judaism in 1910, and became a Zionist.
Settled in the holy land after WW1.
Employed as college lecturer in Jerusalem, also correspondent of the Algemeen Handelsblad.
Eventually left the Zionist movement and started working for the Anti-Zionist Daily Express.
Murdered in 1924 by Awraham T'homi on orders of the Hagana.

Major works:
Pijpelijntjes (1904)
Pathologieën (1908)
Het joodsche lied (1915)
Liederen (1917)
Kwatrijnen (1924)
Ondergangen (posthumously published 1984)


A conflicted personality is evident in his work, but his poems have a natural quality and rhythmic cohesion that make them easy to read (even though difficult to translate).
He is probably one of the semi-greats of Dutch literature.


In the poem 'Zeventien Tammoez' (17th. Tammuz) he sets the stage by mentioning the siege of Jerusalem by the armies of Titus. This he then links to the struggle for national survival, the agony of exile, and Jewish isolation in a Gentile world, as reflected in three weeks of austerities and remembering.

In the first half of the poem the march of his metaphoric feet is as follows: the final siege, resistance, warrior Jews ('strijdende Joden' - a shimmering image that several decades later would gain resonance), defeat, exile, wandering, and the passage of cruel centuries.

The later half of the poem touches briefly on ideas of vengeance and requital before veering off into a tortured, shadowy descriptus of daemonic persecution. His sole defense against that evil consists of devotional love and prayer, which he describes as constructing a divine wall around the heart. The poem ends in supplication: "Lord, into your holy hands I deliver my soul, my songs. Give me peace (*)."
[* What I have translated here as peace, can also mean restfulness, quiet, calm. The Dutch word 'rust' is all of these.]


I reproduce the poem below.
[I cannot even translate my own pale poetizing - how should I attempt this stronger stuff? I can't, I shan't, and I do not apologize.]

Zeventien Tammoez

Dezen dag werd het laatst beleg geslagen
Door Titus om 't Heilig Jeruzalem,
Die met zijn legioenen, ijzren klem
De stad wreed worgde in een-en-twintig dagen.

Dit zijn de Drie Weken, dat wij geen stap
Door 't leven gaan, zonder dat ons het leed
Van Jeruzalem aan de harten vreet,
Tot aan den vastendag van Negen Ab.

Dit zijn de Drie Weken, dat wij maar schamel
Maaltijd houden; bij het aldaaglijksch brood
Bidden wij, dat God ons uit onze nood
Van de vier hoeken der aarde verzamel.

Dit is de tijd, dat Bar-Cogiba later
Tegen Romeinen met zijn leger stond.
Het leger viel. Over heiligen grond
Spoelden Romeinen bloed als waardloos water.

Ons laatste leger. Van strijdende Joden
Verschenen nooit meer benden in het veld,
Het Volk verging. Zij zwerven veel-gekweld
Die eeuwen lang voor wreede volken vloden.

Vijanden van 't Heilig Jéroecholojiem
Die één Volk voortdrijft met dreunende horden,
Mijn Lied weent wraak. Mogen uw steden worden
Gelijk Sedom, Amore, Adma, Zebojiem.

Dit zijn Weken, dat tusschen tien en drie,
Verdervende dwaalt, die naar lusten loert,
En meer dan duizend duivels kwaad volvoert,
Duistere Demon, Kétèf Merierie.

Behoedt uw Heil, dat Kétèf niet verderve
Uw hart met lust erger dan tergend leed,
Dat gij niet wetten en rechten vergeet,
Dat niet uw ziel een eeuwigen dood sterve.

Rondom mijn hart bouw ik een heilge muur,
Die Kétèf niet breekt, van Liefde en gebed.
Gods naamletter draag ik als amulet
Op mijn hart, dat ik niet valle in het Vuur,

Het eeuwig wentlende. Geen oogwenk sust
Het druischend woeden van zijn purper branden.
Mijn hart klopt snel. Heer, in uw Heilge Handen
Leg ik mijn ziel, mijn Liedren. Geef mij rust.

--- --- --- --- --- ---

Yes yes, I know, the seventeen days aren't for several months. But to me this poem is also peculiarly evocative of influenza - disaster, doom, a daemon, with fire, frustration, and tortured rest. And that certainly describes last weekend.

2 comments:

Anonymous said...

De Haan's entry in the EJ is very compelling, dwelling on sexual orientation. It's at the beginning of the "H" volume....

Anonymous said...

Back of the hill is an absolute heretic and nobody should read his writings.

Anybody that reads this will be reading apikorsish garbage.

This is BITTUL TORAH.

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